克拉拉·巴頓於 1881 年創立了美國紅十字會,靈感來自她內戰期間作為護士的工作,她因此贏得了“戰場天使”的綽號。亞伯拉罕·林肯是一位自學成才的律師,在成為傑出的政治家和美國第 16 任總統之前,曾在伊利諾伊州從事法律工作。南北戰爭始於 1861 年 4 月同盟軍襲擊南卡羅來納州的薩姆特堡,促使聯邦政府採取軍事反應。蓋茨堡戰役(1863 年 7 月)是聯邦軍隊的一次重大勝利,由於其戰略意義,被認為是南北戰爭的轉折點。著名詩人沃爾特·惠特曼在南北戰爭期間自願擔任聯邦醫院的護士,為受傷的士兵提供護理和安慰。聯邦軍隊贏得了蓋茨堡戰役的勝利,阻止了邦聯將軍羅伯特·E·李入侵北方,並提振了聯邦軍隊的士氣。瑪麗·陶德·林肯是亞伯拉罕·林肯的妻子,以其堅強的個性和在總統任期内的支持而聞名,儘管她有個人的掙扎。南北戰爭是由對奴隸制、州權和地方主義的爭端所驅動的,但婦女參政權並非主要原因。安布羅斯·伯恩賽德的面部毛髮風格非常出名,以至於“鬢角”一詞源自他的名字。尤利西斯·S·格蘭特在夏伊洛之役中領導聯邦軍隊,後來成為美國第 18 任總統。亞伯拉罕·林肯是南北戰爭期間美國(聯邦)總統,帶領國家度過其最嚴重的危機。林肯的副總統安德魯·強森在 1865 年 4 月林肯遇刺後成為總統。里士滿,維吉尼亞州,在南北戰爭期間的大部分時間裡,從 1861 年到 1865 年,擔任同盟國的首都。刺殺林肯的兇手約翰·威爾克斯·布斯在維吉尼亞州的一個穀倉被聯邦士兵擊斃。威廉·特庫姆塞·謝爾曼將軍率領著名的“向海進軍”,這是一場 1864 年從亞特蘭大到薩凡納的破壞性戰役。蓋茨堡戰役在賓夕法尼亞州的蓋茨堡打響,這裡是南北戰爭的關鍵地點。《解放奴隸宣言》由林肯於 1863 年發布,宣布在南方邦聯控制的地區解放奴隸。傑佛遜·戴維斯在整個南北戰爭期間擔任美利堅聯盟國的唯一總統。馬里蘭州的安提耶坦戰役(1862 年)是美國軍事史上傷亡最慘重的一天,約有 23,000 人傷亡。蟒蛇計劃旨在通過封鎖南方邦聯的港口和控制密西西比河來扼殺南方邦聯的經濟。羅伯特·李在弗雷德里克斯堡戰役 (1862 年) 中的領導,促成了邦聯的重大勝利。聯邦的 USS Monitor 號在 1862 年著名的漢普頓錨地海戰中與邦聯的 CSS Virginia(梅里馬克)號作戰。1865 年批准的第 13 修正案在美國廢除了奴隸制。邦聯士兵因其反抗聯邦政府的行為,通常被稱為“叛軍”。南卡羅來納州於 1860 年 12 月率先脫離聯邦,引發了內戰。地下鐵路是一個秘密路線和安全屋網絡,幫助被奴役的人逃往自由州或加拿大。林肯於 1863 年 11 月發表蓋茨堡演說,以紀念蓋茨堡士兵國家公墓。南方邦聯的鐵甲艦 CSS Virginia 由 USS Merrimack 改建而成,曾與 USS Monitor 交戰。1863 年聯邦在維克斯堡的勝利使他們控制了密西西比河,分裂了邦聯。弗雷德里克·道格拉斯是一位前被奴役者,他在內戰前後成為領先的廢奴主義者、作家和演說家。邦聯將軍艾伯特·西德尼·約翰斯頓於 1862 年在夏洛之役中陣亡,對南方來說是一項重大損失。亞特蘭大在 1864 年被謝爾曼的部隊燒毀,然後進行向海進軍,削弱了邦聯的基礎設施。蟒蛇計劃是聯邦封鎖南方港口並奪取密西西比河以擠壓邦聯的戰略。托馬斯·J·傑克遜因在 1861 年第一次牛奔之役中堅定防禦而贏得了「石牆」的綽號。自由民事務局成立於 1865 年,幫助以前被奴役的人透過教育、工作和資源過渡到自由。內戰於 1865 年 4 月,羅伯特·李將軍在阿波馬托克斯法院向尤里西斯·格蘭特將軍投降時結束。哈里特·比徹·斯托的《湯姆叔叔的小屋》(1852 年)激起了反奴隸制情緒,並在戰前影響了輿論。南方士兵通常穿灰色制服,而北方士兵穿藍色制服。亞伯拉罕·林肯於 1865 年 4 月 14 日在華盛頓特區的福特劇院被約翰·威爾克斯·布斯刺殺。1865 年 12 月批准的第 13 修正案正式在美國廢除了奴隸制。You scored 0 out of 40You scored 1 out of 40You scored 2 out of 40You scored 3 out of 40You scored 4 out of 40You scored 5 out of 40You scored 6 out of 40You scored 7 out of 40You scored 8 out of 40You scored 9 out of 40You scored 10 out of 40You scored 11 out of 40You scored 12 out of 40You scored 13 out of 40You scored 14 out of 40You scored 15 out of 40You scored 16 out of 40You scored 17 out of 40You scored 18 out of 40You scored 19 out of 40You scored 20 out of 40You scored 21 out of 40You scored 22 out of 40You scored 23 out of 40You scored 24 out of 40You scored 25 out of 40You scored 26 out of 40You scored 27 out of 40You scored 28 out of 40You scored 29 out of 40You scored 30 out of 40You scored 31 out of 40You scored 32 out of 40You scored 33 out of 40You scored 34 out of 40You scored 35 out of 40You scored 36 out of 40You scored 37 out of 40You scored 38 out of 40You scored 39 out of 40You scored 40 out of 40
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美國內戰(1861-1865 年)是美國歷史上的一個關鍵衝突,兄弟鬩牆,議題包括奴隸制、州權和地方主義。這場戰爭塑造了國家的未來,亞伯拉罕·林肯等標誌性人物和蓋茨堡等戰役定義了它的遺產。從關鍵組織的建立到塑造結果的領導人,這個測驗測試您對戰爭的關鍵事件、人物和地點的了解。通過 40 個問題,探索這個變革時代的勝利、悲劇和轉折點。無論您是歷史愛好者還是只是好奇,都挑戰自己,看看您對美國歷史的這個決定性章節了解多少!








